“Fortune”是一个在英语中使用频率较高的单词,其含义丰富,既可以表示“运气”,也可以指“财富”或“命运”。在不同的语境下,它所表达的意思也有所不同。本文将围绕“fortune”的基本用法、常见搭配以及相关的派生词汇进行详细讲解,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这个词。
一、Fortune的基本含义与用法
1. 表示“运气”
“Fortune”最常见的一种用法是表示“好运”或“运气”,常用于描述某人是否幸运。例如:
- He won the lottery by pure fortune.
(他纯粹靠运气中了彩票。)
- She had the fortune to meet a famous writer at the party.
(她很幸运地在聚会上遇到了一位著名作家。)
2. 表示“财富”或“财产”
在某些情况下,“fortune”可以指“大量的钱”或“资产”,通常用于正式或文学性的语境中:
- He inherited a great fortune from his grandfather.
(他从祖父那里继承了一大笔财产。)
- The company is worth millions of dollars, but it's not a fortune.
(这家公司价值数百万美元,但还称不上是巨额财富。)
3. 表示“命运”或“天命”
在哲学或文学作品中,“fortune”有时也被用来表达“命运”的概念,带有宿命论的色彩:
- Man is born to struggle, and fate is written in the stars.
(人生来就要奋斗,命运早已写在星辰之中。)
二、常见的搭配与短语
- by fortune:偶然地,靠运气
- He survived the accident by fortune.
(他靠运气逃过了事故。)
- have a good/bad fortune:有好/坏运气
- I have the good fortune to work with some brilliant people.
(我很幸运能与一些优秀的人共事。)
- make one's fortune:赚取财富
- He moved to America to make his fortune.
(他搬到美国去打拼自己的财富。)
- lose one's fortune:失去财富
- Many investors lost their fortunes during the financial crisis.
(许多投资者在金融危机中失去了全部财富。)
三、Fortune的派生词
“Fortune”作为词根,可以衍生出多个相关词汇,以下是几个常见的派生词:
1. Fortunate(形容词):幸运的
- It was a fortunate coincidence that we met again.
(我们再次相遇真是个巧合,也是幸运的。)
2. Unfortunate(形容词):不幸的
- It’s unfortunate that he missed the meeting.
(他错过了会议,真遗憾。)
3. Fortuneteller(名词):占卜者,算命先生
- She works as a fortuneteller in a small town.
(她在小镇上做算命先生。)
4. Fortuitous(形容词):偶然的,碰巧的
- It was a fortuitous meeting that changed everything.
(这是一次偶然的相遇,改变了所有事情。)
5. Fortnight(名词):两周的时间
- We’ll be away for a fortnight.
(我们将离开两周。)
6. Fortitude(名词):坚韧,毅力
- Her fortitude in the face of adversity is admirable.
(她在逆境中的坚韧令人钦佩。)
四、小结
“Fortune”虽然只是一个简单的英文单词,但在实际使用中却有着丰富的含义和多样的搭配方式。掌握它的不同用法以及相关派生词,不仅有助于提高语言表达能力,也能在写作和交流中更加准确地传达意思。无论是日常对话还是正式写作,了解“fortune”的多面性都将带来很大的帮助。